In most states, laws require the use of life jackets on boats. These rules aim to reduce the high drowning fatality rate—67 percent of boating-related deaths—by encouraging consistent use of personal flotation devices (PFDs). To improve safety and promote consistent wear, new PFD regulations have been introduced by the U.S. Coast Guard and Transport Canada. Their goal: to make flotation gear more comfortable and better aligned with real-world boating scenarios.

Historical Basics

Historically, the U.S. and Canada used different classification systems. In the U.S., the Coast Guard used a “Type” system (Type I, II, III), while Canada separated life jackets from PFDs based on design and in-water performance. Life jackets are designed to turn an unconscious person face-up. PFDs offer flotation but may not provide that critical self-righting capability.

Recognizing the benefits of a unified standard, the Coast Guard and Transport Canada began efforts in the mid-2000s to harmonize regulations. By 2018, both countries adopted Level 70 as a shared classification. This allowed manufacturers to meet requirements in both countries with a single approval label. While Levels 50, 70, 100, and 150 were proposed, only Level 70 was implemented at that time.

Now, the Coast Guard is rolling out more changes for 2025. These revisions affect how new PFDs are certified and labeled:

  • No New “Type” Labels: While existing “Type”-labeled PFDs remain legal for carriage, no new PFDs will use the “Type” classification. The focus is now on performance-based levels.
  • Level 50 Approved: For the first time, Level 50 PFDs are authorized for use in the U.S. These low-buoyancy vests must be worn to meet legal carriage requirements.
  • Level 100 Defined for Commercial Use: Level 100 devices, which support airway protection in the water, will be approved for commercial boating. (Note: Transport Canada has not yet implemented Level 50 or 100.)

Approval simply means a device meets minimum legal standards—it doesn’t determine which PFD is best for your needs. Regulatory agencies certify compliance, not suitability for specific conditions.

New Classifications

Under the new system, buoyancy levels are now tied to conditions, skill level, and expected rescue time rather than just body size. For example: Level 50 (L50) prioritizes comfort and mobility for strong swimmers in calm waters. Level 70 (L70) offers more flotation for challenging or unpredictable environments. Actual buoyancy, measured in Newtons, may exceed the minimum.

Mustang Survival, a manufacturer of survival gear for recreational boaters and the military, has more information on the new regulations on its website, along with tips on how to choose the right PFD for your needs. When selecting a life jacket, Mustang suggests you consider the following:

  • Activity Type: Different PFDs support different needs. Kayaking, sailing, fishing, and paddleboarding all benefit from specific features.
  • Buoyancy Level: Match the flotation level (50 or 70) to your swimming ability and water conditions.
  • Fit and Comfort: A PFD should fit snugly and allow full range of motion.
  • Safety Features: Some devices offer added protection, like built-in airway support, for offshore or rough-water use.

Look for icons on the label that indicate which activities a PFD supports. A slashed icon means the device is not suitable for that activity.